نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران.
3 کارشناس ارشد، جامعهشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، بجنورد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction and Objectives: During adolescence, major, rapid, emotional, physical, and social changes occur (Achenbach and Gitelman, 2011, p. 366). This is when adolescents accept new roles and responsibilities and learn social skills to assume roles. Still, since a precise, clear, and comprehensive model of appropriate behavior has not been determined for them, they resort to the assessment of behavior, experimenting with roles, declaring their distinction from adults, and in some cases, ignoring rules (Schafers, B; (translated by K. Rasekh, 2013, p. 147). Various factors influence risky behaviors. Religious beliefs are one of the important factors that influence individuals' behavior and actions. Some Scholars believe that religion always invites people to do good deeds and receive rewards for them, and it has played a guiding role in controlling people's deviant behavior. Another group of factors affecting risky behaviors is the peer group. Children entering adolescence are going through many changes and the role of peers in their lives increases (Steinberg and Monahan, 2010, p. 153). Social support is another variable and is an important predictor that can play a role in reducing risky behaviors (Schultz and Schwarzberg, 2015). Social support is the degree of affection, companionship, care, respect, attention, and help received by an individual from other people or groups such as family members, friends, and others (Sarafino; translated by Mirzaei, 2019, p. 53). The article aimed to explain the role of structural equation modeling with the variables of religiosity, social support, and peer rejection in its validation and meaningful relevance.
Method: The present research method is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research consists of all second year high school female students in the Dorudzan district of Shiraz, 600 people. The research sample was 234 people based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, who were selected by random sampling method. Four questionnaires were used in the present research.
a) The religiosity questionnaire by Glock, CY, & Stark. R. (1965) has 26 items with a five-point Likert scale (completely agree to disagree) where each item has a value between 1 and 5.
b) The Iranian Adolescent Risk Scale was developed by Zadeh-Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi (2009). This scale includes 34 items to measure the vulnerability of adolescents to 6 categories of risky behaviors; Dangerous driving, violence, smoking, drug use, alcohol use, and friendship with the opposite sex are the items that respondents express their agreement or disagreement with on a 5-point scale from strongly agree (5) to disagree (1).
c) Peer Rejection Questionnaire: This test was designed by Tahmasian and Golmirzaei (2009) and consists of 15 questions that measure the adolescent's feeling of being rejected or loved by the peer group. This questionnaire has two subscales: peer acceptance and peer rejection.
d) Fleming et al.'s Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) was developed in 1982 and has 25 questions and 5 subscales: perceived support from family, perceived support from friends, opinion and attitude toward the importance of social support, and perceived public support.
Results: The effect of religiosity on the component of risky driving shows that the t value is -48.8 and this value is greater than 1.96; therefore, the effect of the religiosity variable on driving was confirmed. Also, the intensity of this negative effect is indirect and weak and is equal to -0.40. The effect of religiosity on the component of violence showed that the t value is -20.05 and this value is greater than 1.96; therefore, the effect of the religiosity variable on the level of violence was confirmed. Also, the intensity of this negative effect is indirect and strong and is equal to -0.80. In other variables, it was seen that the effect of religiosity on cigarette consumption (t-value of -19.95 and correlation coefficient of -0.79), drug consumption (t-value of -22.56 and correlation coefficient of -0.83), and alcohol consumption (t-value of -20.41 and correlation coefficient of -0.80) has an inverse relationship, and its intensity has been strong in three cases. Also, the effect of the religiosity variable on the tendency to be friends with the opposite sex has been negative and indirect, but its intensity has been seen as weak (t-value of -63.8 and correlation coefficient of 0.30). The peer rejection variable has, in a general sense, increased the occurrence of high-risk behaviors in respondents. So that this change in the components of dangerous driving (t-value of 15.9 and correlation coefficient of 0.51); Violent behaviors (t-value of 9.80 and correlation coefficient of 0.54); smoking (t-value of 9.57 and correlation coefficient of 0.53); drug use (t-value of 10.28 and correlation coefficient of 0.56); alcohol use (t-value of 10.11 and correlation coefficient of 0.55) and friendship with the opposite sex (t-value of 10.08 and correlation coefficient of 0.55) were shown.
Discussion and Conclusions: The results of the study showed that religiosity, peer group rejection, and social support are predictors of high-risk behaviors among female high school students in the Dorudzan district of Shiraz. The model had a good fit with real-world data, meaning that in the overall structural equation model, the effect of the variables of religiosity, peer rejection, and social support on the variable components of high-risk behavior was confirmed and the fit was significant. According to the studies conducted, no research was found that solely showed the role of religiosity, peer rejection, and social support as predictors of high-risk behaviors. However, the following studies can be mentioned among the studies that are in line with the mentioned hypothesis; Jazayerī et al. (2019), Kalat-e-Sadatī et al. (2018), Koūhi and Vafa'ī-Aghdam (2017), Afshanī et al. (2015), Bakhsh-e-Borojenī et al. (2018), Razzāghī et al. (2018), Ahmadī et al. (2017), Mohammadī et al. (2012), Ashayerī et al. (2012), Zad'dehesh and Babakhani (2012), Alexander et al. (2019), Kaptanovich et al. (2019), and Cole, Purcell, Keller, and Carlson (2020). Adolescents are considered the main group exposed to high-risk behaviors. At this stage of development, adolescents, due to their self-centeredness, may not fully understand and perceive the risky consequences of their behavior and may be more inclined to discover and experience high-risk situations (Kloep et al., 2011). Various factors contribute to the occurrence of risky behaviors during adolescence are involved, and parental supervision, acceptance of adolescents by appropriate peers, attitudes of parents and peers towards risky behaviors, role modeling from peers, and failure of parents to engage in risky behaviors themselves are among the important factors in preventing the occurrence of risky behaviors (Narjiso et al., 2013).
Acknowledgment: We are deeply grateful to all those who helped us in this research.
Conflict of Interests: There are no conflicts of interest in this article.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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