Life systems in each society take shape to meet the needs corresponding the belief principles and cultural values of that society. The success and stability of these systems is dependent, more than anything, on the compatibility of their... more
Life systems in each society take shape to meet the needs corresponding the belief principles and cultural values of that society. The success and stability of these systems is dependent, more than anything, on the compatibility of their foundations with the rules and realities of the cosmos, especially the human world. Livelihood is among the main needs that pursuit for satisfaction of which has led to the emergence of various socialist, liberalist, and other schools. Undoubtedly, among the principles of these schools is their view toward the reality of individuals and societies as well as their interactions. The present article claims that Holy Quran has introduced the concept of “ummah” to denote the human world in distinction from the prevalence of concepts such as the individual and the state. The concept is of profound consequential rules especially for the human livelihood. “Social takaful” is one of such Qur’anic and Islamic concepts introduced in this relation and as a major principle in the system of social welfare that addresses the issues of livelihood and maintenance. The aim of this article is to explain the sub-concepts, foundations, characteristics, and interactions between the two concepts i.e. the Islamic ummah and the social takaful with regard to the problem of social welfare in the Islamic approach. Considering the purpose, the method applied is fundamental-theoretical, and concerning the methodology, it is descriptive-analytical. The findings show that in the Qur’anic framework, the Islamic ummah is introduced as a unitary organism in which the relationship among the members is defined in terms of camaraderie and assistance; thus, social takaful is a characteristic of the Islamic ummah, in the absence of which no mechanism would afford solving the livelihood problems constantly and successfully.
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The importance of social supervision for the prevention of individual and group deviance in the Islamic society is visible when referring to the recommendations in the religious prescriptions and the variety of its methods including the... more
The importance of social supervision for the prevention of individual and group deviance in the Islamic society is visible when referring to the recommendations in the religious prescriptions and the variety of its methods including the divine, individual, organizational, and communal supervision. The communal supervision arising from the responsibility in the individuals has been embodied in the form of two religious obligations of “the prevention of vice and promotion of virtue”. Despite the significance of the debate, however, it seems that the reduction of the obligations to the traditional methods has made it affectless especially among the youths. The present research seeks to suggest novel and effective methods based on Nahj-al-Bilaghah.
Having investigated the Nahjul Bilaghah, it becomes clear that other than the direct prevention and promotion methods, Imam Ali (PBUH) has also invited to the virtues and prevented from vices indirectly. In his words, the indirect methods have been adopted based on time, setting, and the audience, from persuasion to reprimand to prayer, curse, exclamation, questioning, preaching, etc.
This research uses descriptive-analytical method for the analysis of data to examine the various methods of social supervision in Nahj-al-Bilaghah.
Having investigated the Nahjul Bilaghah, it becomes clear that other than the direct prevention and promotion methods, Imam Ali (PBUH) has also invited to the virtues and prevented from vices indirectly. In his words, the indirect methods have been adopted based on time, setting, and the audience, from persuasion to reprimand to prayer, curse, exclamation, questioning, preaching, etc.
This research uses descriptive-analytical method for the analysis of data to examine the various methods of social supervision in Nahj-al-Bilaghah.
Life satisfaction is of such an importance that it could be considered as the ultimate purpose in everyone’s life. Reports, however, indicate that the rate of life satisfaction is low in Iran. The present article seeks to analyze the... more
Life satisfaction is of such an importance that it could be considered as the ultimate purpose in everyone’s life. Reports, however, indicate that the rate of life satisfaction is low in Iran. The present article seeks to analyze the relationship between the degree of religiosity and the rate of life satisfaction in a statistical sample of 407 university students. The results show that the majority of students enjoy high degrees of religiosity (54.3%) while the degree is higher among female students. On the other hand, a minority of 47.91% of students enjoy high rates of life satisfaction while the rate is higher, again, among female students. Also, the results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between belief-oriented, ritual and experiential dimensions of religiosity and life satisfaction, although there is no meaningful relationship between consequential dimensions of religiosity and life satisfaction. The regression shows that the variables of experiential religiosity and gender could explain 0.05 of life satisfaction. Considering such damages as brain drain, it is suggested that the students’ religiosity is to be enhanced for improving the sense of life satisfaction among students.
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Three decades evading from the Iran-Iraq war, a solid number of the Iranian veterans encounter numerous problems that undermine their life quality. This makes the evaluation of their livelihood essential. The present article concerns the... more
Three decades evading from the Iran-Iraq war, a solid number of the Iranian veterans encounter numerous problems that undermine their life quality. This makes the evaluation of their livelihood essential. The present article concerns the evaluation of veterans of the quality of their own lives., So, 30 veterans with various rates of injury have been studied with qualitative research method. All respondents have been residing in Qom during the study. The research questions have been produced according to the World Health Organization’s standard questionnaire on life quality and asked from all respondents alike. The results show that in concrete life quality factors including the physical health, many veterans suffer difficulties. This is true about the living circumstances and the lack of facilities for the disabled in the public places. In contrast, the psychological and mental condition of the veterans is excellent, a fact that goes back to the personal attitudes and values they hold. The status of living area and neighborhood in most cases meet the veterans’ expectations. The general evaluation of the veterans’ view on their life quality indicate acceptable and appropriate conditions. This shows the veterans’ detachment from cliché views and prejudices in evaluating the quality of their life.
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The current paper aims at understanding, describing, and analyzing the preventative methods of social deviance by reference to the thoughts of Imam Ali (PBUH) and focusing on the role of association in this regard. To answer the main... more
The current paper aims at understanding, describing, and analyzing the preventative methods of social deviance by reference to the thoughts of Imam Ali (PBUH) and focusing on the role of association in this regard. To answer the main question of the research, the method of grounded theory was used to extract the related statements on association from the Nahj-al-Balaghah, which were then codified and classified in separate stages; the results were finally put to analysis. Based on the findings of the research, adopting a series of strategies in relation to association facilitates the prevention of deviance from being promoted and committed. These include awareness-raising on the importance of association and associate choice in social interactions, avoiding certain types of association, avoiding attendance in certain settings, considering the importance of environment in shaping the social behaviors, and introducing some admirable role models for association.
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What is culture? What are its principles? What are its origins? These and similar questions comprise philosophical contemplations in the understanding of culture elaborated in the contemporary scientific circles. On the other hand,... more
What is culture? What are its principles? What are its origins? These and similar questions comprise philosophical contemplations in the understanding of culture elaborated in the contemporary scientific circles. On the other hand, culture is embodied in relationship and it could not thrive outside of it. In a third dimension, introversive relationship is the basis for a variety of human relations. As such, the explanation of the origins of culture from the point of departure of introversive relationship appears like an important issue that suggests questions like this: what is the relationship between culture and introversive interaction? In explaining this problematic, the current research uses documentary method and avails the teachings of Islamic mysticism in order to view culture from the perspective pf introversive relationship and Islamic mysticism. The results show that culture as a human phenomenon in the ascending arc, is the result of human interaction with either his rational self (mutmainnah) or carnal self (ammarah), the former known as the pure culture and the latter as the despicable culture, and in the first case, the carnal self is the disrupting agent and in the second, the moral self (lawwamah) is the confining element; as the two cultures are gradational in nature.
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Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory while it aims at analyzing discourses, is a theory of formation of individual and collective identities. In this article, by replacing Ayatollah Shahabadi’s theory of fitrat (instinct) for Lacan’s... more
Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory while it aims at analyzing discourses, is a theory of formation of individual and collective identities. In this article, by replacing Ayatollah Shahabadi’s theory of fitrat (instinct) for Lacan’s theory of unconscious employed by Laclau and Mouffe, the ground is made for transforming their discourse theory of identity into one with religious orientation. The consequences of such a synthesis include defending a more vigorous role for the subject in adopting personal identity, improving the theory’s explanatory strength, making theory more social, detaching it from the orientation toward the identity as a sheer cultural and historical phenomenon and the product of struggle with others in favor of one that is the product of coherence or contrast between the human nature and the others. The result of the study could exemplify the expurgatory approach in the production of religious sciences. The method used in this research is descriptive, explanatory, and critical.
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Meaning is one of the most extensive subjects in modern and post-modern social sciences. One of the most innovative and encompassing analysis on meaning is presented by Charles Sanders Pierce. The present article attempts to use... more
Meaning is one of the most extensive subjects in modern and post-modern social sciences. One of the most innovative and encompassing analysis on meaning is presented by Charles Sanders Pierce. The present article attempts to use documentary method to investigate Pierce’ semiotics including the process of signification, meaning production, signification function, signification, and the practical view of sign and meaning production. Pierce takes the sign as the sinew of the whole thought and thereby, the being of science and even the human communication as dependent on the sign and the signifying relationships. Among the Muslim philosophers Allameh Tabatabaei has ideas in this relation too. His theory of meaning is presented in line with his discussion on intuitive versus empirical knowledge and as part of his conventional perceptions (etebariat). The present article attempts to introduce the theory of meaning in the view of Allameh in order to make a comparison between Pierce and Allameh’s theories of meaning.
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Life systems in each society take shape to meet the needs corresponding the belief principles and cultural values of that society. The success and stability of these systems is dependent, more than anything, on the compatibility of their... more
Life systems in each society take shape to meet the needs corresponding the belief principles and cultural values of that society. The success and stability of these systems is dependent, more than anything, on the compatibility of their foundations with the rules and realities of the cosmos, especially the human world. Livelihood is among the main needs that pursuit for satisfaction of which has led to the emergence of various socialist, liberalist, and other schools. Undoubtedly, among the principles of these schools is their view toward the reality of individuals and societies as well as their interactions. The present article claims that Holy Quran has introduced the concept of “ummah” to denote the human world in distinction from the prevalence of concepts such as the individual and the state. The concept is of profound consequential rules especially for the human livelihood. “Social takaful” is one of such Qur’anic and Islamic concepts introduced in this relation and as a major principle in the system of social welfare that addresses the issues of livelihood and maintenance. The aim of this article is to explain the sub-concepts, foundations, characteristics, and interactions between the two concepts i.e. the Islamic ummah and the social takaful with regard to the problem of social welfare in the Islamic approach. Considering the purpose, the method applied is fundamental-theoretical, and concerning the methodology, it is descriptive-analytical. The findings show that in the Qur’anic framework, the Islamic ummah is introduced as a unitary organism in which the relationship among the members is defined in terms of camaraderie and assistance; thus, social takaful is a characteristic of the Islamic ummah, in the absence of which no mechanism would afford solving the livelihood problems constantly and successfully.
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Today, "anthropology" is a very frequent word with multiple meanings in the texts of social sciences and humanities, and by combining with other words, it creates diverse and wide-ranging expressions that sometimes share words with each... more
Today, "anthropology" is a very frequent word with multiple meanings in the texts of social sciences and humanities, and by combining with other words, it creates diverse and wide-ranging expressions that sometimes share words with each other, overlap in meaning, or overlap. For example, what is equivalent to the term religious anthropology in Farsi, is usually a word common to two distinct concepts of religious anthropology and religious anthropology. In this article, first the reason for such conceptual interferences is revealed, then with the help of logical classification method, the types of "religious anthropology" are introduced and the place of each of them in the knowledge of anthropology is determined. Of course, for this purpose, it was first necessary to draw the various branches of the tree of anthropological knowledge in a logical concept.
This research is developmental-applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The data were collected using the library method and the qualitative content analysis method of categorization, analysis and finally classified in a logical model with methodological criteria. Based on the results of this research, religious anthropology can be achieved by all four philosophical, mystical, scientific and narrative methods and of course with different applications and scopes.
This research is developmental-applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The data were collected using the library method and the qualitative content analysis method of categorization, analysis and finally classified in a logical model with methodological criteria. Based on the results of this research, religious anthropology can be achieved by all four philosophical, mystical, scientific and narrative methods and of course with different applications and scopes.
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Based on this, the upcoming article with the basic question that; "What are the causes of the Islamic revolution and the strength of the revolutionary theory system and what are its overarching themes in the cross-border and international... more
Based on this, the upcoming article with the basic question that; "What are the causes of the Islamic revolution and the strength of the revolutionary theory system and what are its overarching themes in the cross-border and international arena?" It seeks to identify its components and indicators. This article is done with a qualitative approach, it tries to answer it using thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the research includes the statements of the leadership known as the "Second Step of the Revolution" statement. Using the theme network method, one of the theme analysis methods, the qualitative findings indicate that the components and indicators extracted from the theme network include four dimensions and 32 components. In this article, four themes of revolutionary internationalism, compatibility of domestic ideals and foreign behavior, exportation of revolution, and revolutionary government/system were presented. As a result, the descriptive findings extracted from the statement can be a suitable basis for understanding the reasons for the permanence and strength of the theory of the revolutionary system in the future and future studies.
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The present article with the title; The systemic model of social structure is from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS), which collects information in a descriptive-analytical way with a documentary-library method, and the type of analysis is... more
The present article with the title; The systemic model of social structure is from the perspective of Imam Ali (AS), which collects information in a descriptive-analytical way with a documentary-library method, and the type of analysis is based on content analysis. The stratification system is one of the concepts that is studied and analyzed in the description of the social structure. And the Islamic society is like a supersystem that is made up of sub-systems. Therefore, this work seeks to explain the existence of systems and transform it into the correct social model, as well as the characteristics and tasks of each system in the form of inputs and processes of the system model in order to achieve the hypothesis that the existence of these subsystems and supersystems in society requires each other, pays.
Therefore, according to the outputs of the systemic model, the goal of this work is that Imam Ali (a.s.) mentioned the need and dependence of each class on each other in Nahj al-Balagha, and the consistency and stability of each class to reach He knows the stage of evolution and excellence dependent on other classes; In addition, the results show that the systemic model of the social structure has input elements, process elements and output elements.
Therefore, according to the outputs of the systemic model, the goal of this work is that Imam Ali (a.s.) mentioned the need and dependence of each class on each other in Nahj al-Balagha, and the consistency and stability of each class to reach He knows the stage of evolution and excellence dependent on other classes; In addition, the results show that the systemic model of the social structure has input elements, process elements and output elements.
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Considering the importance of the Islamic hijab issue and its political and social role in societies and different social levels in the international arena, this issue is one of the important issues in the field of international politics... more
Considering the importance of the Islamic hijab issue and its political and social role in societies and different social levels in the international arena, this issue is one of the important issues in the field of international politics and any discussion about it is linked to political and international issues. On the other hand, understanding the global role of Islamic discourse is deeply dependent on examining the nature and function of Islamic hijab as one of the power-building components of Islamic discourse in the field of soft power. Hijab as a cultural element and a manifestation of Islamic principles and discourse with a soft nature has been able to play a special role in the form of figures of power and is a threat to the liberal discourse of the West. Therefore, the question arises as to how the Islamic hijab has strengthened the soft power of Islamic discourse in international politics. This research, with a constructivist approach and using a qualitative method and in a documentary way, explains the idea that the Islamic hijab as a communication medium has strengthened the soft power of the Islamic discourse through identity building and the expansion of the discourse system against competing discourses. The most important achievement of this research is the explanation of the role of hijab according to its media nature in advancing the soft power goals of Islamic discourse.
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This article seeks to investigate distribution and locating of religious uses as one of the platforms for formation of religious, cultural, social, economic and political actions and communications in city to examine the connection and... more
This article seeks to investigate distribution and locating of religious uses as one of the platforms for formation of religious, cultural, social, economic and political actions and communications in city to examine the connection and compliance level of these uses with the religious needs and eligibility of citizens living in Arak regions. this study was based on mixed method with questionnaire tool in the first data collection stage and with a proportional sampling method. then, Physical data collected through secondary analysis were mapped. Among the most important results, we can point out the problematic deficiency and the significant difference in the level of enjoyment and the establishment of religious facilities in the regions of Arak, which shows inequalities in the allocation and distribution of these services. Also, by considering factors such as per capita, standard per capita and functional radius of religious uses, we can talk about the situation of spatial and social inequality and deprivation in a significant part of the geographical and demographic area of Arak. Finally, the pattern of spatial distribution of religious uses based on the needs and eligibility of citizens in Arak is inefficient, and unequal, which has created inequalities in regions and among citizens
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The extent and dispersion of studies on the subject of economic-social base and religiosity has doubled the necessity of using the meta-analysis method. The purpose of this article is to combine the results of the researches conducted in... more
The extent and dispersion of studies on the subject of economic-social base and religiosity has doubled the necessity of using the meta-analysis method. The purpose of this article is to combine the results of the researches conducted in relation to the economic-social base and religiosity and to extract new results in order to interpret the findings more authentically. The statistical population of this research is made up of all the scientific research conducted in Iran regarding the relationship between the economic-social base and religiosity during the years 1383 to 1399, which is in one of the scientific information databases of academic jihad, Noor specialized journals database, publications information database. The country is indexed in the database of Iran's Scientific Documentation Center. A total of 26 research documents were found, of which 16 met the conditions and selection criteria and entered the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. In the first step, publication bias and homogeneity of studies were examined; The statistical tests used in this section indicate the lack of publication bias and heterogeneity of studies. In the next step, the effect size as well as the role of moderating variables were evaluated; The results show that the size of the effect of economic-social base on religiosity is equal to (-0.168), which is evaluated as "small" according to Cohen's interpretation system; In other words, the independent variable "social-economic base" has a small but significant effect on the dependent variable "religiosity".
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The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the types of religiosity of the youth of Yazd city, based on the theory of multiple worlds and the metaphor of the burger market,... more
The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the types of religiosity of the youth of Yazd city, based on the theory of multiple worlds and the metaphor of the burger market, with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity is through validity. Its content and reliability have been confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population is 384 young people aged 15 to 34 in Yazd who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data were analyzed with the help of spss software and factor analysis and t, f tests, correlation coefficient and path analysis, and the results after identifying two types of popular religiosity and bricolage show that women have popular religiosity and men have strong bricolage religiosity. They have a The correlation of economic-social base with popular religiosity is negative, but with bricolage religiosity is positive and significant. Also, there is a significant relationship between the amount of use of virtual social networks and types of religiosity. Regression analysis shows that independent variables (social-economic base, non-recreational use of virtual social network and social-economic base) are 9% of changes in popular religiosity and variables (use of virtual social network, social-economic base and recreational use of virtual social network) explain 20% of the changes in bricolage religiosity.
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Domestic violence against women is an inevitable phenomenon that Pakistani society has been facing for a long time. This research aims to examine the content of published researches in the field of domestic violence between 2000 and 2020... more
Domestic violence against women is an inevitable phenomenon that Pakistani society has been facing for a long time. This research aims to examine the content of published researches in the field of domestic violence between 2000 and 2020 using a systematic review method. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 titles have been selected and analyzed from the collection of 729 researches published in these two decades. According to the findings, the effective factors of domestic violence against women include individual factors, socioeconomic factors, incorrect interpretations of religious teachings, and family factors. According to research, the negative consequences of domestic violence are physical and mental injuries. Also, policies and solutions to control and reduce this phenomenon have emphasized the intervention of the government and the participation of non-governmental organizations. It seems that domestic violence has become a social phenomenon under the influence of cultural norms and incorrect religious interpretations, which requires a refinement between the religious culture and the culture of Pakistani society with the aim of removing religious interpretations as a justification for violence.
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Soleimani in creating unity and security of the Islamic world. This research was conducted using the qualitative analysis method. The sampling method was purposeful and the data collection method was interviews with Sunni managers. In... more
Soleimani in creating unity and security of the Islamic world. This research was conducted using the qualitative analysis method. The sampling method was purposeful and the data collection method was interviews with Sunni managers. In this context, by using the coding of the interviews during the process of open, central and selective coding, the following findings were obtained, and three patterns were extracted from all the interviews. The components of the behavior pattern of Sardar Martyr Soleimani from the point of view of Sunnis include: courage, always being in the presence of God, defense of models, effort, equality of speech and behavior, deliberation and service to the people, and the components of serving the people, sincerity, defending the oppressed, Equality and fraternal behavior with people, protection of Islam and Muslims are extracted in interaction with Sunnis and their effective behavioral components in establishing peace and security in the Islamic world, which include: strategic performance, thorn in the eye of enemies, political thinking, stability and security in The region and elites in military sciences and their effective behavioral components in establishing unity in the Islamic world included: creating unity, defending Islam and the land, promoting the culture of resistance, using all forces, eliminating disagreements. Therefore, according to the extracted dimensions, Sardar's interaction with Sunnis can be undeniable in creating unity and security in the Islamic world.,
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This article contains a scientific and critical discussion with Dr. Mohammad Reza Taliban regarding his criticism of my book entitled the theory of secularization with an empirical ijtihadi approach. In his article "Deriving Theory from... more
This article contains a scientific and critical discussion with Dr. Mohammad Reza Taliban regarding his criticism of my book entitled the theory of secularization with an empirical ijtihadi approach. In his article "Deriving Theory from Sociology and Improperly Adapting It to Religious Texts: A Criticism on the Theory of Secularization with an Empirical Ijtihadi Approach", he made two main criticisms on the theorizing effort of this book: firstly, mistaking and adapting intra-religious topics with sociological topics related to secularization, and secondly, confusing the explanatory model with the theory. In the following article, after referring to the main principles of the theory presented in this book, I have attempted to answer these two criticisms with a logical analysis method. For this purpose, it was shown with a sufficient explanation that none of the two aforementioned claims has case in my work.
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Qom Academy of Islamic Sciences seeks to provide a model for religious science that uses all three epistemic sources of revelation (quotation), reason and experience centered on revelation. According to this view, every scientific theory... more
Qom Academy of Islamic Sciences seeks to provide a model for religious science that uses all three epistemic sources of revelation (quotation), reason and experience centered on revelation. According to this view, every scientific theory is a simplified model of a complex reality and has three levels of development, macro and micro.
The "level of development" of the scientific theory expresses the desired and ideal state of the phenomenon. In the theory of religious science, this desirable situation is obtained from the teachings of Islam as a whole - not from individual revelations. The "macro level" of scientific theory begins with the generation of an evolutionary description. In order to obtain evolutionary attributes, we need information on the level of development (as religious concepts governing the research) and experimental information (based on library and historical studies), because it provides the basis for the researcher's speculation to produce attributes. With experimental, religious and theoretical validation of hypotheses (and their confirmation or modification), the descriptive model of the phenomenon is obtained. These systematic attributes are responsible for describing the phenomenon as a variable whole.
The "level of development" of the scientific theory expresses the desired and ideal state of the phenomenon. In the theory of religious science, this desirable situation is obtained from the teachings of Islam as a whole - not from individual revelations. The "macro level" of scientific theory begins with the generation of an evolutionary description. In order to obtain evolutionary attributes, we need information on the level of development (as religious concepts governing the research) and experimental information (based on library and historical studies), because it provides the basis for the researcher's speculation to produce attributes. With experimental, religious and theoretical validation of hypotheses (and their confirmation or modification), the descriptive model of the phenomenon is obtained. These systematic attributes are responsible for describing the phenomenon as a variable whole.
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It has been proposed that the positivist approach that is dominant in the educational system of Iran, contrasts theology and has been unable to solve the cultural, social, and economical problems of the country. The research employs the... more
It has been proposed that the positivist approach that is dominant in the educational system of Iran, contrasts theology and has been unable to solve the cultural, social, and economical problems of the country. The research employs the mixed approach of structure and agent in sociology to answer the following two questions:
Why is the positivist approach still dominant in the country three decades after the Islamic revolution, despite the existing sensitivities on the issue?
Why have the numerous attempts to produce localized and religious science been fruitless?
The research findings show that the best case scenario is that reproducing a positivist view of science in educational design takes places unconsciously by social constructs rather than by the will of the dominant system. Additionally, an absolute philosophical treatment of religious science and neglecting the sociological and policy dimensions is the main obstacle in formation of religious science in Iran.
Why is the positivist approach still dominant in the country three decades after the Islamic revolution, despite the existing sensitivities on the issue?
Why have the numerous attempts to produce localized and religious science been fruitless?
The research findings show that the best case scenario is that reproducing a positivist view of science in educational design takes places unconsciously by social constructs rather than by the will of the dominant system. Additionally, an absolute philosophical treatment of religious science and neglecting the sociological and policy dimensions is the main obstacle in formation of religious science in Iran.
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Researchers have proposed various micro and macro reasons of the possibility of secularization of Iranian society. One of the main micro reasons in the field of religion, can strengthen the possibility of secularization in Iran is the... more
Researchers have proposed various micro and macro reasons of the possibility of secularization of Iranian society. One of the main micro reasons in the field of religion, can strengthen the possibility of secularization in Iran is the dominance of a functional view toward religion. After the formation of Islamic government, in order to prove the functionality and usability of religion in various aspects of life and to preach and save it against other religions, some introduced the functionality of religion. Specifically, materialistic functionality was introduced which was more feasible and understandable by all. The dominance of this view, in analysis and explanation of religion can seriously threat the nature of religion and set the ground for expansion of other religions.
Therefore, special attention must be paid in functional view toward religion to minimize its negative impacts. Preserving the ultimate aim of religion and concentrating on introducing it with respect to religious teachings can prevent the aforementioned factor to cause secularization.
Therefore, special attention must be paid in functional view toward religion to minimize its negative impacts. Preserving the ultimate aim of religion and concentrating on introducing it with respect to religious teachings can prevent the aforementioned factor to cause secularization.
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Social understanding and social understanding method are among basic subjects of social sciences. One of the main categorization of methodology divides methodology into fundamental methodology and functional methodology. The fundamental... more
Social understanding and social understanding method are among basic subjects of social sciences. One of the main categorization of methodology divides methodology into fundamental methodology and functional methodology. The fundamental methodology is the subject of this study.
In social science, there are three basic methods: positivism, conceptualism, and critical realism. These methods contrast one another because of different ontological, anthropological, and epistemological grounds. Since Quran obtains its particular ontological, anthropological, and epistemological view, it enjoys a basic method of monotheist realism. The special attributes of Quran distinguish its methodology from that of modern methodology. Quran views the universe as having a physical and a spiritual dimension. Additionally, the ultimate success of human being is in obeying and getting close to God.
In the view of Quran, everything is related to God. Quran enjoys all explanatory, descriptive and experimental approaches but redefines them in the monotheist framework. This is the specific attribute of Quran’s methodology that secular methods lack. Because of lack of such epistemology, secular methodology employs certain means and rejects all other means.
In social science, there are three basic methods: positivism, conceptualism, and critical realism. These methods contrast one another because of different ontological, anthropological, and epistemological grounds. Since Quran obtains its particular ontological, anthropological, and epistemological view, it enjoys a basic method of monotheist realism. The special attributes of Quran distinguish its methodology from that of modern methodology. Quran views the universe as having a physical and a spiritual dimension. Additionally, the ultimate success of human being is in obeying and getting close to God.
In the view of Quran, everything is related to God. Quran enjoys all explanatory, descriptive and experimental approaches but redefines them in the monotheist framework. This is the specific attribute of Quran’s methodology that secular methods lack. Because of lack of such epistemology, secular methodology employs certain means and rejects all other means.
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The research aims to present the viewpoint of Shariati on the relation of epistemology and Society. Thus, the following generalities will be reviewed: introduction, problem exposition, questions, assumptions, background and theoretical... more
The research aims to present the viewpoint of Shariati on the relation of epistemology and Society. Thus, the following generalities will be reviewed: introduction, problem exposition, questions, assumptions, background and theoretical framework based on the following five factors: depth of determination, degree of determination, level of determination, the dominant factor on determination and subject of determination. The research concludes with an evaluation of the reviewed subjects.
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The purpose of this article is to identify the influence of the development process of secularization in Iran. In this way, a theoretical and explanatory approach has been employed. The main outcome of this research is a theoretical... more
The purpose of this article is to identify the influence of the development process of secularization in Iran. In this way, a theoretical and explanatory approach has been employed. The main outcome of this research is a theoretical model, composed of a set of hypotheses and close to experimental realities. Based on this model, development can cause secularization in different ways, such as: relativity, capitalism, inequality, rejecting traditional powers, materialism, and modernization. With respect to a serious lack in research background on the issue at hand, the research aims to improve the literature of secularization.
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Various reasons have been proposed for the secularization of people of higher education. The research studies whether pluralism can explain these people’s secularization, in a constructionalism theoretical framework. In this way, first... more
Various reasons have been proposed for the secularization of people of higher education. The research studies whether pluralism can explain these people’s secularization, in a constructionalism theoretical framework. In this way, first the concepts of pluralism and secularization are defined. The issue is being explained by developing an analysis model, which points to the causes of pluralism and indicators of becoming secular. Finally, two conclusions are drawn: First, epistemological pluralism causes secularization of people of higher education. Second, because of people’s uniform belief in one religion and the dominance of religious government in Iran, social pluralism does not apply. Therefore, secularization of people in this way is not likely. However, epistemological pluralism, however far from secularism, influences the youth and people of higher education. These people are likely to be impacted by western thought wish can lead to Iran’s secularization in the near future.
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In analyzing the complex issue of religion, social science researchers require an operational definition aside from the logical and conceptual definitions of religion and religiousity. The operational definition is used for explanatory... more
In analyzing the complex issue of religion, social science researchers require an operational definition aside from the logical and conceptual definitions of religion and religiousity. The operational definition is used for explanatory analysis and evaluation of religiousity by social surveys. Operational definition divides the general concepts of religion and religiousity into their parts (dimensions, factors, indicators) for experimental research and analysis purposes.
In this work, the theoretical and experimental conceptions of religion and religiousity in Islam and social sciences are studied. The terms religion and religiousity were first conceptually defined based on the three dimensions of beliefs, emotions, and actions. Then, the factors of each dimension of religiousity were determined. Finally, in order to construct an indicator of religiousity, certain criteria have been presented for each of the factors based on Islamic teachings.
In this work, the theoretical and experimental conceptions of religion and religiousity in Islam and social sciences are studied. The terms religion and religiousity were first conceptually defined based on the three dimensions of beliefs, emotions, and actions. Then, the factors of each dimension of religiousity were determined. Finally, in order to construct an indicator of religiousity, certain criteria have been presented for each of the factors based on Islamic teachings.
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In this article, it is attempted to describe the practicability of the Q method in identifying the ideas toward a specific issue. Thus, the process of research using the Q method will be described in this research. Twenty sportswomen... more
In this article, it is attempted to describe the practicability of the Q method in identifying the ideas toward a specific issue. Thus, the process of research using the Q method will be described in this research. Twenty sportswomen participated in this study, in which two ideas towards Hijab were achieved. In order to offer a description of these two ideas, 36 sentences are used that express the different views of sportswomen toward Hijab.
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The root of social deviations has long been the center of scholars’ attention. Many theories on the role and impact of living, psychological, and social conditions of people have been proposed. Based on Islamic thought, Shahid Motahari,... more
The root of social deviations has long been the center of scholars’ attention. Many theories on the role and impact of living, psychological, and social conditions of people have been proposed. Based on Islamic thought, Shahid Motahari, while not ignoring the aforementioned factors, considers the human being as a knowledgeable and responsible being toward one’s actions, who enjoys continence. He stresses on propagation of deviated thoughts and dissension as the platform of deviated behaviors in today’s world. His view is similar to the classic view and the theory of wise selection of deviated behavior.
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This article is a review of Shahid Morteza Motahari’s thoughts on the issue of family. It also develops a model of Islamic theorization to serve the purpose of Islamization of social science. As the developed theory involves various... more
This article is a review of Shahid Morteza Motahari’s thoughts on the issue of family. It also develops a model of Islamic theorization to serve the purpose of Islamization of social science. As the developed theory involves various hypotheses in its theoretical framework, it opens grounds for different experimental research. Based on this theory, the strength of family bond depends on the consideration of the innate and natural differences of men and women.
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Various theories have been proposed regarding the evolution and degeneration of societies. Among these theories, this research focuses on the cultural theory. Among the Muslim scholars, Seyed Jamalodin Asadabadi’s degeneration theory is... more
Various theories have been proposed regarding the evolution and degeneration of societies. Among these theories, this research focuses on the cultural theory. Among the Muslim scholars, Seyed Jamalodin Asadabadi’s degeneration theory is not considered to fit a cultural framework. The research demonstrates that even Seyed Jamalodin Asadabadi has considered cultural factors in degeneration of Islamic societies. His theory of hexagonal castle of human happiness contains two important points that are used for proving the theory at hand:
1. The cause of degeneration can be non-political and non-structural.
2. The degeneration of a society is based on internal, especially cultural, factors.
1. The cause of degeneration can be non-political and non-structural.
2. The degeneration of a society is based on internal, especially cultural, factors.
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This research studies the Islamic propositions that discuss practice view of religion, and analyzes the coordination of this approach with Islamic religiousness. This discussion has a special position in the studies of religiousness and... more
This research studies the Islamic propositions that discuss practice view of religion, and analyzes the coordination of this approach with Islamic religiousness. This discussion has a special position in the studies of religiousness and its evaluation. An analysis of Islamic sources sufficiently serves the purpose. The findings show that the religiousness of common people contains important elements of this approach. They also demonstrate that Islamic teachings have a special position in establishing this view in practical evaluation of religiousness.
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Due to new advancements in communication technologies and globalization, pathology of communicative interactions between religious organizations is a fundamental requirement of today's society. Lack of adequate attention to this issue... more
Due to new advancements in communication technologies and globalization, pathology of communicative interactions between religious organizations is a fundamental requirement of today's society. Lack of adequate attention to this issue will bring about a weak value- norm system, religious alienation and finally promote unusual behavioral patterns in our society. The present paper is concerned with organization of mosque as one of the main headquarters in strengthening the religious behavior and its interactions with other related organizations dealing with existing challenges and problems in this field.
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Work culture is of the factors that influence the individual's economic status. It has a significant effect on the socioeconomic system of the community. Attention has been paid to this important issue in the governmental documents of the... more
Work culture is of the factors that influence the individual's economic status. It has a significant effect on the socioeconomic system of the community. Attention has been paid to this important issue in the governmental documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the twenty-year vision plan. However, realization of goals and visions of human resources requires a positive work culture. In addition to evaluating the components of the culture, some of the most important factors affecting it have been evaluated. This research has been done by using survey method with questionnaire instrument. The Statistical population includes the youth of the city of Qom. The attitudes of youth about the components and factors that influence the work culture are investigated and evaluated by this research. The analysis of data was performed based on the frequency of data and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that youth attitudes toward work culture are high with a mean of 4.16 (of 5). The most important factor influencing the work culture of the religious tendencies of young people has been achieved by the regression equation. The results show that youth attitudes toward work culture are in accordance with Islamic culture and requirements of the twenty-year vision plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the best recommendation for maintaining and improving the work culture among the youth and consequently paving the way to achieve the goals and visions is to focus on their moral and religious tendencies.
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Religion and its origins have long been considered by various schools of thought. Each school has viewed it in a way and some times challenged it. In spite of all these encounters with the religion and its manifestations, it has survived... more
Religion and its origins have long been considered by various schools of thought. Each school has viewed it in a way and some times challenged it. In spite of all these encounters with the religion and its manifestations, it has survived in all types of societies, from elementary to advanced one. There has been no possibility to remove it from the human social life. As a matter of fact, the up and down of religion indicate that human need for religion is a genuine one and far from social contracts and fictions, so that one can not find a substitute for it. Mentioning the claims of some modern scholars about the origin of religion along with the responses, Motahari formulates his theory on religion as theory of fitrat. Therefore, people or some of the communities' turning away from religion is in harmony with the voice of fitrat. Throughout history, some have in the name of religion treated people contrary to human nature caused them to turn away from this type of treatment, not the religion. While studying his works, one can extract some criteria for the perfection of individuals' religiosity in society. They are as follows:
1. holding that there is no incompatibility between the world and the hereafter;
2. believing that science and religion are in harmony with each other;
3. impossibility of separation between religion and social responsibility;
4. caring about people through obedience to Allah.
1. holding that there is no incompatibility between the world and the hereafter;
2. believing that science and religion are in harmony with each other;
3. impossibility of separation between religion and social responsibility;
4. caring about people through obedience to Allah.
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A new analysis of the cognitive nature of sociology of religion is the main theme of the present article. The author of this paper also makes a comparison between cognitive - theological nature of religious sociology while giving a... more
A new analysis of the cognitive nature of sociology of religion is the main theme of the present article. The author of this paper also makes a comparison between cognitive - theological nature of religious sociology while giving a description of them. He presents a critical review of the views of the pioneers of classical studies of religion like Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Georg Simmel and recent traditions in cultural studies of religion such as composite studies of religion, cultural studies of religion, media studies of religion and virtual studies of religion. The most discussed current issues in the sociology of intellectual and religious traditions and a wide range of social, epistemological, theological approaches to religion such as the sociology of religion to social theology, theological sociology, sociological theology and phenomenological sociology of religion were also critically reviewed in the present research study.
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The main question of this article which deals with the social and cultural conditions affecting the formation of utopia according to the Quran is: What characteristics does it have that make it distinctive? To investigate this question,... more
The main question of this article which deals with the social and cultural conditions affecting the formation of utopia according to the Quran is: What characteristics does it have that make it distinctive? To investigate this question, the author of the present paper first makes a qualitative content analysis of the exegesis of the verses of the Holy Quran, and then according to the "Grand theory" concepts are coded and classified. He finally identifies the utopia of the Qur'an with two basic characteristics: piety and social control. The utopia depicted by the Quran is not just a mode of utopia in mind, but a utopia which realized in the past and will realize in future. There is no obstacle for its realization in the present conditions as long as those two features are present. In fact, this article is about the realization of the Quranic utopia.
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This paper assumes and therefore does not discuss negative effects of the structural evolutions which have stemmed from secularization on religious propaganda in TV programs. Rather, it deals with those inefficiencies and dysfunctional... more
This paper assumes and therefore does not discuss negative effects of the structural evolutions which have stemmed from secularization on religious propaganda in TV programs. Rather, it deals with those inefficiencies and dysfunctional outcomes arising from the same processes, policies and patterns of religious media propaganda. Among them, we have discussed creating new rituals and quasi-sacraments, weakening traditional religious rituals, myth creation, worldliness, converting religion to commercial goods, mixing religious and mundane propaganda, giving paradoxical messages to the beholders, neglecting spiritual aspects of religion, superficiality of religious beliefs, and involvement with the interests of political parties. Our discussion is based on Islamic thought and communication theorist’s comments.
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Using the themes of cross-cultural communication theories, this article analyzes the content of the Quran and the exegeses of this Holy Book to examine the possibility of an attributable theory to the Quran and providing its propositional... more
Using the themes of cross-cultural communication theories, this article analyzes the content of the Quran and the exegeses of this Holy Book to examine the possibility of an attributable theory to the Quran and providing its propositional body with the Quranic statements. Results indicate that the Quran is deeply concerned with theoretical and practical issues of cross-cultural and Intercultural communication, especially those of cultural variability, communication behaviors, acculturation, and face threat and management. It also shows that Islamic and Quranic statements are able to produce an independent approach and theory concerning the theoretical and applied questions in this field; and draws the attention of scholars of religious and social sciences to the dimensions and the capabilities of the Islamic viewpoints in this regard.
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Religion is an institution which influences the social political structure of communities. The influence of religion in communities that their social groups and individuals tend to religious norms and beliefs is much wider than other... more
Religion is an institution which influences the social political structure of communities. The influence of religion in communities that their social groups and individuals tend to religious norms and beliefs is much wider than other communities. Beliefs and deeds are two main components of a religion. Beliefs are consisting of all teachings, views, thoughts, and ways of action. Religious deeds are the product of religious beliefs. The continuance of religious beliefs depends on rituals and their proper performance. In the light of the variety of religious ceremonies and rituals in our country, the present paper tries to make an assessment of functional state of these ceremonies in relation to religious beliefs and values. It aims firstly at measuring the participants' awareness of the goals of religious role models (Imams) and secondly detecting the possible pathos of participants' ignorance of these goals. The data were collected using a survey method. Statistical population of the study consisted of 74 mourning groups from Tehran which were selected by the simple random method. Some results indicate that participants' awareness of the goals of Imam Hussayn, peace be upon him, was higher than those of other religious role models. It also shows that their awareness of the goals of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, was lower than those of other ones.
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This paper concerned with the perception, experience and interpretation of Khorram Abad women about Hijab. It employs a variety of theories related to gender, body management, and identity. The main question of the paper is how these... more
This paper concerned with the perception, experience and interpretation of Khorram Abad women about Hijab. It employs a variety of theories related to gender, body management, and identity. The main question of the paper is how these women interpret the Hijab based on their social situation. So, the semi – structured interview with 40 women was used to collect data. The purposive sampling was used to find the informants and the data analyzed through thematic analysis. The qualitative findings demonstrate that despite of a sort of relationship between tradition and modernism about Hijab, there exist a reflexivity and demystification about the issue. At end, there types of Hijab, including of Traditional, Semi – Modern, and Modern, has been distinguished.
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In addition to verification of Sayyid Jamal a-Din Asadabadi's social thoughts and views, the author of the present paper tries to prove that Sayyid Jamal a-Din Asadabadi has been a pioneer of intellectual movement among the Islamic... more
In addition to verification of Sayyid Jamal a-Din Asadabadi's social thoughts and views, the author of the present paper tries to prove that Sayyid Jamal a-Din Asadabadi has been a pioneer of intellectual movement among the Islamic seminary students. He holds that Sayyid Jamal a-Din Asadabadi had a good knowledge of ideologies, movements, philosophical school of thought in the West, world geography, and social changes of the contemporary world and viewed them from the viewpoint of an intellectual Islamic scholar. He then makes a list of Sayyid Jamal a-Din Asadabadi's intellectual elements. They are as follows: reform in religious thought, deliberation on Ijtihad, world development, approximation of Islamic sects, modernism, social developmentalism, nationalism, rule of law, belief in social freedom, critical view of current situation, and rationalism.
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The present paper is concerned with sociological analysis of religious conversion with concentration in conversion from Christianity to Islam. It aims at the causes of religious conversion from Christianity to Islam. In theoretical part... more
The present paper is concerned with sociological analysis of religious conversion with concentration in conversion from Christianity to Islam. It aims at the causes of religious conversion from Christianity to Islam. In theoretical part of this study, the author deals with psychological, social, and sociological approaches. In practical part of it, he tries to find a proper conceptual framework so he utilizes the Lewis R. Rambo's seven-stage model: context, crisis, quest, encounter, interaction, commitment, and consequences. This seven-stage model is employed within the research method framework of reanalysis theory while giving a biographical account of 30 new converts to Islam through a semi-standard interview. According to concepts, categorizations and life stories of new converts, the author concludes the following elements: incompatibility of previous predisposition; obtaining new approaches to Islam; lack of knowledge and convincing response in their previous religion; and the existence of convincing and promising teachings, rituals, and charisma in Islam.
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The author of the present paper tries to view the ontological foundations of sociology from the Quranic perspective. Using the verses of the holy Quran, he considers God, man, earth, and the relationship between man and other men as four... more
The author of the present paper tries to view the ontological foundations of sociology from the Quranic perspective. Using the verses of the holy Quran, he considers God, man, earth, and the relationship between man and other men as four main components of a human society. Centralizing two elements, i.e. man and his relationship, he makes an analysis of either of them and then deals with two other elements and their impact on these two element. Such an approach has turned the current man-oriented sociology into a God-oriented one within which man is just a trustee. According to this view of the Quran, man is a two-dimensional being: celestial and terrestrial, i.e. he has an infinite desire both for virtues and vices. This will also occur in human society which is the product of individuals' thoughts, views, moralities and tendencies. In this approach, three elements of power, cognition, and opposite tendencies pave the way for the most distinctive feature of man, i.e. man's free will. According to the Holy Quran, too much involvement of man and human society in animal tendencies and external affairs (nature and earth), on the one hand, and man's oblivion of his divine self and disobedience to God, on the other hand, will result in man's individual and collective alienation. The most important factor for removal of this stat is obedience to God and knowledge of real self. The author finally concludes that in order to have a full view of human society we should always pay due attention to two main elements of society, that is, man and community. The sort of relationship between these two elements and God and nature has an important impact on man's individual and social behavior.
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Justice, as viewed by Ayatullah Sadr, is of an inherent value and needed for realization of other values in a society. It is desired by man through his fitrah (fundamental nature). It is not subject to constitution and does not belong to... more
Justice, as viewed by Ayatullah Sadr, is of an inherent value and needed for realization of other values in a society. It is desired by man through his fitrah (fundamental nature). It is not subject to constitution and does not belong to certain historical and social conditions as well. In his view, the concept of equality has been negated by the quiddity of justice. He regards labor as a criterion for different fair enjoyments. Social justice is mainly concerned with the level of human relations in distribution of sources and interests while there is a conflict of interest between the strong and the weak. A conflict which, while looking deeply into it, refers us to a fundamental paradox viz. the inner quarrel between man's divine and material aspects. It will continue and not stop till the divine aspects are triumphant. To him, Islamic type of social justice consists of two general principles: general support and social balance. He also presents strategies for each of them. He holds that Islam establishes agreement between collective and individual fitri criteria and maintains social welfare and justice in two ways:
1- an exact and true interpretation of life and its development (cognitive factors);
2- moral education of man (motivational factors).
1- an exact and true interpretation of life and its development (cognitive factors);
2- moral education of man (motivational factors).
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The author of the present paper views the status of values through a philosophical-logical approach from three perspectives: the question of "it is and should be", value relativism, and value neutrality or value partiality. Obviously, if... more
The author of the present paper views the status of values through a philosophical-logical approach from three perspectives: the question of "it is and should be", value relativism, and value neutrality or value partiality. Obviously, if Islamic sociology is seeking to act as a powerful and influential paradigm in the field of social sciences, it will have to clarify its position in relation to such paradigm issues in way that it is possible to make a comparison between them and current paradigms. Main items which have been highlighted by the author of this paper are as follows: possibility of deduction of normal rules from descriptive statement and vice versa; rejection of value relativism based on the acceptance of foundations of fitrah (fundamental nature) concerning legal and moral values; necessity of value partiality in science as an ideal; and seeking to increase objectivity of analytical and descriptive issues of sciences.
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The present article is concerned with the concept analysis of marriage, religious upbringing of children, which naturally comes after family formation, based on two main sources of Islam viz. the Quran and Sunnah. Theoretical basis of... more
The present article is concerned with the concept analysis of marriage, religious upbringing of children, which naturally comes after family formation, based on two main sources of Islam viz. the Quran and Sunnah. Theoretical basis of this research study consists of a variety of feminist theories. Its methodology is based on documentation, analysis of findings, discovering marriage implications, housewifery, religious upbringing in the Quran and Sunnah. The findings suggest that Islamic views (viz. the Quran and Sunnah) regarding marriage, domestic labor and religious upbringing are in conflict with feminist theories.
Holy Quran and religious traditions view these phenomena through a mechanism far from feminist paradigm. According to Islamic thought the most important principle for women is that they pay attention to their functions in the family as a mother or a wife. Special attention also has been paid to the most important functions of marriage and family, that is to say instinctive and emotional needs, creating an environment fraught with ethical and moral virtues, promotion of excellence in both sexes and in the religious upbringing of children.
Results also show that Islam is an institution that has taken into consideration all aspects of human life. Thus such a religious upbringing of children will encompass all aspects of social, ethical and sexual education of children.
Holy Quran and religious traditions view these phenomena through a mechanism far from feminist paradigm. According to Islamic thought the most important principle for women is that they pay attention to their functions in the family as a mother or a wife. Special attention also has been paid to the most important functions of marriage and family, that is to say instinctive and emotional needs, creating an environment fraught with ethical and moral virtues, promotion of excellence in both sexes and in the religious upbringing of children.
Results also show that Islam is an institution that has taken into consideration all aspects of human life. Thus such a religious upbringing of children will encompass all aspects of social, ethical and sexual education of children.
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The present paper views the strategies for boosting trustworthiness from individual and social perspectives. In Islamic ethics, trustworthiness is regarded as a moral virtue. It is the indicator and sign of faith and piety and one who... more
The present paper views the strategies for boosting trustworthiness from individual and social perspectives. In Islamic ethics, trustworthiness is regarded as a moral virtue. It is the indicator and sign of faith and piety and one who betrays the trust placed in him has no religion. To establish social security, increase productivity, gain more profits and overcome their competitors in the competition, communities, companies, organizations, and business entities try to increase trustworthiness among the people and their employees. In this study the analytical-descriptive method has been used along with narrative approach to explore ways of enhancing trustworthiness in both individual and social aspects. Based on the findings of the present research study some strategies for enhancing trustworthiness are: internalizing trustworthiness, increasing awareness, focusing on human nature, introducing patterns of trustworthiness, identifying characteristics of an ideal society and encouragement and appreciation of trustees. This article will try to address them.
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The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of commanding right and forbidding wrong in improving social capital among female students of Khorasgan Islamic Azad University. In this research, the impact of methods, conditions... more
The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of commanding right and forbidding wrong in improving social capital among female students of Khorasgan Islamic Azad University. In this research, the impact of methods, conditions and functions of commanding right and forbidding wrong were evaluated on social capital indicators. The method of the research is correlation descriptive and its statistical society included 944 female students busy studying in Khorasgan Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2011-2012. Simple sampling, on the base of which 310 students were selected, was randomly done. Data collection instruments were a researcher made questionnaire and a response package. The questionnaire included 33 questions related to dimensions of commanding right and forbidding wrong and 30 questions related to components of social capital. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess its reliability and the validity of the questionnaire was achieved 0/87. Statistical data analysis was done at both descriptive and inferential levels. Frequency tables, frequency percentage, standard deviation, average and graphs were used at the descriptive level and at the inferential statistics level, factor analysis, univariable t, one-way variance analysis, Friedman test and LSD test were used. The results showed that the average score of the role of commanding right and forbidding wrong in increasing social capital with hypothetical average 3, was 3/61 which was higher than medium. In addition, the relationship between methods of commanding right and forbidding wrong, conditions of those who order and prohibit and functionality of this duty are meaningful through increasing confidence, introception and strengthening social networks at p
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Semiotics is one of the new methods in the field of humanities which has been used like research methods, especially in the realm of "knowledge of connotations" and "understanding communication mechanism" from the 1950s onwards. The... more
Semiotics is one of the new methods in the field of humanities which has been used like research methods, especially in the realm of "knowledge of connotations" and "understanding communication mechanism" from the 1950s onwards. The ancient Greeks are considered to be the earliest followers of Semiotics. Semiotics can be said that has always been in close proximity to Structuralism and in accordance with its model. In this paper, we introduce a typology of two prominent scholars of semiotics and analyze the relationship between signifier and signified as a constitutional relation from their viewpoints, then, review Saussure and Pierce views from the perspective of Islamic Philosophy and in the light of the opinions and views of Mulla Sadra and Avicenna.
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According to differences of opinion with regard to the structure of the agency, the purpose of this paper is to obtain views presented in the Holy Quran which is achieved through qualitative content analysis of the interpretations of the... more
According to differences of opinion with regard to the structure of the agency, the
purpose of this paper is to obtain views presented in the Holy Quran which is
achieved through qualitative content analysis of the interpretations of the Quran,
coding and categorizing the concepts and categories. Research findings indicate that
the Holy Qur'an considers man under the influence of social structures. However,
many verses of the Holy Quran reveal that act is the maker of man's character and
identity. Based on the Holy Quran man is always responsible for his own actions
and would not under any circumstances disclaim it. It can be concluded that though
the influence of structures is an unavoidable, the principle of agency and act is an
inviolable principle.
purpose of this paper is to obtain views presented in the Holy Quran which is
achieved through qualitative content analysis of the interpretations of the Quran,
coding and categorizing the concepts and categories. Research findings indicate that
the Holy Qur'an considers man under the influence of social structures. However,
many verses of the Holy Quran reveal that act is the maker of man's character and
identity. Based on the Holy Quran man is always responsible for his own actions
and would not under any circumstances disclaim it. It can be concluded that though
the influence of structures is an unavoidable, the principle of agency and act is an
inviolable principle.
Research Interests:
According to differences of opinion with regard to the structure of the agency, the purpose of this paper is to obtain views presented in the Holy Quran which is achieved through qualitative content analysis of the interpretations of the... more
According to differences of opinion with regard to the structure of the agency, the purpose of this paper is to obtain views presented in the Holy Quran which is achieved through qualitative content analysis of the interpretations of the Quran, coding and categorizing the concepts and categories. Research findings indicate that the Holy Qur'an considers man under the influence of social structures. However, many verses of the Holy Quran reveal that act is the maker of man's character and identity. Based on the Holy Quran man is always responsible for his own actions and would not under any circumstances disclaim it. It can be concluded that though the influence of structures is an unavoidable, the principle of agency and act is an inviolable principle.
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In this article we seek to analyze some issues of Nahj Al-Balaghah in which there is a link between different kinds of human marifah (knowledge) and social factors. In order for pursuit to be more effective the most important projects in... more
In this article we seek to analyze some issues of Nahj Al-Balaghah in which there is a link between different kinds of human marifah (knowledge) and social factors. In order for pursuit to be more effective the most important projects in the sociology of marifah (knowledge). These paradigms will lead us to the questions. We try to find Imam Ali's answers to them.
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In this paper, aiming at recognizing Muslim civilization, both culturally and socially, the author tries to consider the principle of "commanding right and forbidding wrong" -which is construed as one of the most important examples and... more
In this paper, aiming at recognizing Muslim civilization, both culturally and socially, the author tries to consider the principle of "commanding right and forbidding wrong" -which is construed as one of the most important examples and methods of social control, that is, "hasbih" or "ihtisab"- as an indicator to assess the strength and cohesion of society's value system, since the rise of Islam to the present. Based on the status and quality of this social phenomenon, the Islamic civilization is divided into three periods, "individual", "group" and "state". Reasons for degradation or failure and weakness of each case will be carefully assessed. Finally, the author concludes that social supervision in civilizations attributed to Islam is quantitatively growing but after the demise of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his household) and removing Shiite Imams in the Abbasid era and thereafter, its quality has decreased drastically and come into being hypocritical. In many cases, it has been completely dissolved and destroyed.
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Modernity or modernism is the set of qualities and characteristics of modern civilization which has emerged in recent centuries in Europe and North America. Secularization (or secularisation) is being used to describe and analyze the... more
Modernity or modernism is the set of qualities and characteristics of modern civilization which has emerged in recent centuries in Europe and North America. Secularization (or secularisation) is being used to describe and analyze the processes of modern societies. It is the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward nonreligious (or irreligious) values and secular institutions. Feminism has, in a sense, been derived from Western civilization and in another sense it is a reaction to modernity. In this respect, feminism is in direct confrontation with the tradition. While analyzing tradition, feminism severely criticizes religion as one of the most important components of gender discrimination. So, it should be noted that there is a considerable relation between secularization of religion and social movement of feminism. With aim of downplaying the meta-institutional role of religion and making religion compatible with the demands of feminism, secularization of religion, in one of its approaches which seeks to provide a new and worldly interpretation of religion, has been well received by feminists in general and religious feminists in particular. In this regard, we try to take this relationship into consideration and focus on some examples related to these indices at the same time as counting the indices of secularization of religion and feminism.
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Influencing factors in the formation of goals in the field of international relations are of great diversity. What is important is that which one of the elements should have priority in the decision-making process? Those who believe in... more
Influencing factors in the formation of goals in the field of international relations are of great diversity. What is important is that which one of the elements should have priority in the decision-making process? Those who believe in giving priority to moral values in international politics have shifted attention to the non-compensatory model. In the context of this model a standard component should be established as a foundation for all policies and life for all purposes. According to this model regardless of all the variables giving priority to a particular criterion is of normative validity and importance. Although there are many who give priority to shaping policies in respect to values and beliefs of decision makers, but they believe that the terms of issue, the patterns of distribution of power in the international arena, and abilities and possibilities will eventually shape the policies. If necessary, he should give priority to issues of moral values and if it is obligatory, priority will also be given to the issue of moral values. It should be noted that the approach is subject to moral values or complete comprehension of them. Necessity to achieve goals as a vital condition of success will always require an ethical justification in relation to the objectives.
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During the past few decades, social sciences and humanities has been involved in numerous methodological and theoretical debates that is described as the paradigms war between positivists, interpretativists and critics. In the 1970s or... more
During the past few decades, social sciences and humanities has been involved in numerous methodological and theoretical debates that is described as the paradigms war between positivists, interpretativists and critics. In the 1970s or theoretical turn period, first constructivist interpretive and critical approaches emerged then hybrid approaches entered into this field. Critical realism is a modern approach that tries to combine paradigms and make a new definition of reality, knowledge, values, and research. This paper intends to overview the three dominant paradigms in social sciences and humanities in order to analyse methodological and theoretical innovations of critical realism.
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Fertility as a population event and phenomenon in which women play a major role is under the influence of various factors. Some factors are dealt with directly and some indirectly and as a ground factors. Affective factors and their... more
Fertility as a population event and phenomenon in which women play a major role is under the influence of various factors. Some factors are dealt with directly and some indirectly and as a ground factors. Affective factors and their quality are discussed in a variety of theories. In this study, some factors have been tested in the fertility of women married at least once. City of Qom has been the center of attention mainly due to the specific circumstances and its religious context. 601 people have been selected from four districts of Qom using a stratified random sample method. Data gathered using the survey method based on quantitative data analysis using SPSS statistical software.
Results indicated significant differences for female employment status, household income level, education level and place of birth. These differences are not significant in terms of ideas of gender preference and residing in different regions. There is high correlation between the number of live births, age at first marriage, age of respondents at the time of interview, duration of marriage and child mortality. In general, these results are mostly in line with the findings of other researches in this field and also confirm their results.
Results indicated significant differences for female employment status, household income level, education level and place of birth. These differences are not significant in terms of ideas of gender preference and residing in different regions. There is high correlation between the number of live births, age at first marriage, age of respondents at the time of interview, duration of marriage and child mortality. In general, these results are mostly in line with the findings of other researches in this field and also confirm their results.
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The present paper makes a preliminary survey of process of sociability in exegeses of the Quran. The questions are: What is sociability? How does it happen? What is the role of will? The survey is done through a qualitative content... more
The present paper makes a preliminary survey of process of sociability in exegeses of the Quran. The questions are: What is sociability? How does it happen? What is the role of will? The survey is done through a qualitative content analysis of the interpretations of the Quran, coding and classification of the concepts. Results show that the process of sociability is a requirement of human nature by which man has internalized values and beliefs through his knowledge and action. The essence of the person has been gradually created. He is the very values, beliefs and norms, in a way that they are nor separable from each other. In this view, beings are constantly trying "to get", "to become". His knowledge and actions are constantly shaping his personality and nature. The result indicates that the more a man acts in accordance with the teachings of the Holy Quran, the more successful he is in religious sociability.